January 2, 2008
Dr Margaret Chan
Director-General
World Health Organization
Avenue Appia 20
1211 Geneva 27
Switzerland
2nd January 2008
Dear Dr. Chan,
At the end of October, the Government of Israel ordered that the supply of fuel to the Gaza
Strip, of utmost necessity for the production of electricity, should be drastically reduced.
Energy is essential for the purification and pumping of water as well as for the treatment of
sewage. Due to lack of fuel, electricity and spare parts for equipment (the Israeli Government
controls all imports) inhabitants of the Gaza Strip do not have sufficient clean drinking water.
Without clean water and without efficient treatment of sewage, people are likely to be affected by
dangerous, and entirely preventable, diseases. Other consequences include lack of sufficient
energy in critical facilities such as hospitals, pharmacies, clinics and ambulances, as well as in
schools and ordinary homes. Refrigerators cannot work and food decays.
The prolonged siege of the Gaza Strip has resulted in a severe shortage of medicine and medical
supplies. According to your own WHO data, 85 essential medicines were out of stock by the end
of November 2007. Because of the insufficient supply of spare parts, medical equipment cannot
be repaired. Machines for dialysis, ventilators, laboratories and cardiology equipment are not
functioning properly and there are no test tubes. The Government of Israel has stopped the
supply of other essential goods, such as cleaning materials, toilet paper, sheets, winter bedclothes,
paper, etc., claiming that they are “unnecessary”. This makes it impossible for hospitals to
function properly and is a claim unsupportable by any health professional.
All of these measures constitute collective punishment, which is forbidden by international law,
as well as being inhumane treatment of a civilian population, half of which are children.
Added to this, a very vulnerable population has been hit: two-thirds of the population of the
Gaza Strip already lives in abject poverty. One must not long deliberate to realize that this
situation will certainly lead to epidemics.
European Jews for a Just Peace, a federation of Jewish groups from ten countries, requests that
the World Health Organization insists that Israel lifts what effectively amounts to a threat of
biological and medical warfare against population of Gaza. We are joined in this request by other
Jewish organisations and by health professionals across the globe whose signatures are appended
below.
World wide signatures list of health professionals is below.
Yours sincerely,
Dr Paola Canarutto – Hospital S. Giovanni Bosco – Turin (Italy)
On behalf of European Jews for a Just Peace
Signatures of medical professionals and organisations:
Medical organisations:
- Joost den Otter – chair Johannes Wier Stichting: Dutch human rights organization
for doctors, dentists, nurses and paramedics – Amersfoort (The Netherlands) - P.C.H.M. Holland, physician – President of KNMG – The Royal Dutch Medical Association – Utrecht (The Netherlands)
- Matthias Jochheim MD – Managing Board of Directors, International Physicians for The Prevention of Nuclear War, German Affiliate – (Germany)
- Dr Peter Hall – Doctors for Human Rights – Watford (UK)
- Dr Ruchama Marton – Physicians for Human Rights-Israel – Tel Aviv (Israel)
Medical professionals:
- Carl Abernethy – Department of Health and Social Care, City of Edinburgh Council – Edinburgh (UK)
- Professor Mohammed T Abou-Saleh – St George’s Hospital – London (UK)
- Rachel Adams – Medical School, University of Birmingham – Birmingham (UK)
- Dr Sami Ahmed – Good Hope Hospital NHS Trust – Sutton Coldfield (UK)
- Coilín ÓhAiseadha – Health Service Executive – Dublin (Ireland)
- Maria Giulia Agnoletto – psychiatrist, Hospital Firm of Vimercate – Milan (Italy)
- Dr Maged Agour – St Peter’s House Clinic – St Albans (UK)
- Marco Albonico, – general practitioner, Local Health Firm 2 – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Omar Al-Fakayh – Peterborough and Stamford NHS Foundation Trust – Peterborough (UK)
- Rania Al-lawzi – Clinical Pharmacist, Leeds Teaching Hospitals – (UK)
- Dr Ben Alofs – Bangor (UK)
- Lucía Mazarrasa Alvear – Responsible of the Health and International Development department – National Health School – Carlos III Health Institute – Madrid (Spain).
- Mario Alvisi – psychiatrist, Cavriglia – Arezzo (Italy)
- Shabbir Amanullah – psychiatrist – Charlottetown, QE, Prince Edward Island (Canada)
- Dr Jill Austin – Aberdeen Royal Infirmary – Aberdeen (UK)
- Matteo Bagatella – physician, Health Information for Immigrants (ISI), Local Health Firm 4 – Turin (Italy)
- Jackie Beavan – Heart of Birmingham teaching Primary Care Trust – Birmingham (UK)
- Dr John D L Bell – Medical Foundation for Victims of Torture – London (UK)
- Giulietta Beltrame – nephrologist, Hospital S. Giovani Bosco – Turin (Italy)
- Juan Carlos Bando Beltrán – Geriatrician – Madrid Regional government (Spain)
- Filippo Bianchetti – General Medical Practitioner, Medical Centre Varese Uno – Varese (Italy)
- Augusta Bianchi – psychiatrist, Services for Drug Dependences – Pavia (Italy)
- Fiamma Bianchi Bandinelli – retired biologist – Siena (Italy)
- Dr Martin Birnstingl FRCS – formerly of St Bartholomews Hospital – London (UK)
- Dr Jonathan Bindman – South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust – London (UK)
- Dr. Beatrix Blaha-Hausner – Fachärztin für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde und Neuropädiatrie, Vienna (Austria)
- Andrea Bo – physicist, Radiology Department, Hospital Mauriziano – Turin (Italy)
- Vreni Bollag – Psychologist – (Switzerland)
- Alberto Bondonio – physician, Industrial Medicine – Turin (Italy)
- John Boyd FRCS – Epsom and St.Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust/St.George’s Medical School – London (UK)
- Michael Boyes – F .R.C.G.P. Retired General Medical Practitioner – Hertfordshire (UK)
- Giuseppe Braga – nurse, Hospital Firm of Melegnano – Milan (Italy)
- Peter Bradburn – Dept Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham – Birmingham (UK)
- Prim. Dr. Friedrich Brandstetter – Ärztlicher Leiter, Wiener Sozialdienste, Förderung & Begleitung GmbH, Zentrum für Entwicklungsförderung – Vienna (Austria)
- Dr Ranjeet Brar – St George’s Hospital – London (UK)
- Rony Braumann, physician, writer, associated professor – Institute of Political Science – Paris (France)
- Prof Emeritus Leslie B Brent – formerly of St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School – London (UK)
- Dr Michael Brooks – Grange Road Practice – London (UK)
- Dr Raymond Brown FRCP – private practice, Previously Consultant Paediatrician, Stoke Mandeville Hospital – Brill (UK)
- Dr Chris Burns-Cox FRCP – formerly of Frenchay Hospital – Bristol (UK)
- Dr C Campbell – North Staffs combined healthcare NHS Trust – (UK)
- Dr Alan M Campion – St. Thomas Hospital and personal practice – London (UK)
- Paola Canarutto – physician, Medical Department “A”, Hospital S. Giovanni Bosco – Turin (Italy)
- Claudio Carosino – General Medical Practitioner, Busseto – Parma (Italy)
- Dr Diana Cassell – South West London and St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust – London (UK)
- Mauretta Cattanei – nurse, Medical Ambulatory, Hospital Firm – Pavia (Italy)
- Jean Michel de Chaisemartin – psychiatrist, responsible for the psychiatrist department, general Hospital – Landerneau (France)
- Valter Chiappini – Local Health Firm 5 – La Spezia (Italy)
- Vincenzo Chieppa – radiology technician, Radiology Department, Hospital Mauriziano – Turin (Italy)
- Alessandra Chinaglia – physician, Cardiology Department, Hospital Maria Vittoria – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Claire Christien-Prouet – psychiatrist psychoanalyst – Paris (France)
- Dr Eve Clevenger – Stirchley Medical Practice – Telford (UK)
- Percy Cohen – London (UK)
- Sylvia Cohen – London (UK)
- Hilary Coleman – Physician, Medical translator, MITI – (Germany)
- Dr Tom Cosker – (UK)
- Alice Coy – Glasgow University. – Glasgow (UK)
- Dr Richard Cutler – London (UK)
- Dr Pauline Cutting – Accident & Emergency – Bangor (UK)
- Angela D’Antonio – Hospital S. Giovanni Bosco – Turin (Italy)
- Kam Datta – Royal Free Hospital – London (UK)
- Clare Davenport – Public Health Medicine, University of Birmingham – Birmingham (UK)
- Marina Del Monte – psychologist, Service for Drug Dependences, Local Health Firm RMH, Ciampino – Rome (Italy)
- Christophe Denantes – anaesthetist, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Avicenne – Bobigny (France)
- Judith Deutsch – M.S.W., R.S.W. – (Canada)
- James Deutsch – M.D., Ph.D. (F.R.C.P.-C) – (Canada)
- Paquita de Zulueta – Department of primary care and social medicine, Imperial College – London (UK)
- Santa Di Prima – physician, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital S. Anna – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Tina Dobsevage – Mount Sinai School of Medicine – New York, NY (USA)
- Valentina Donvito – physician, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital S. Anna – Turin (Italy)
- Dr. Walter Doralt – Vienna (Austria)
- Roberto Dosio – physician, Radiology Department, Hospital Evangelico Valdese – Turin (Italy )
- Dr Mohammad Eddama – Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust – Northampton (UK)
- Dr Maggie Eisner – Bradford Specialist Training Scheme for General Practice – Bradford (UK)
- Mamdouh El-Adl – (UK)
- Sameh A El-kawy FRCS – West Midlands (UK)
- Dr Amin El-Hihi – Lister Hospital – Stevenage (UK)
- Carolyn Emanuel – Paxton Green Health Centre, Lambeth PCT – London (UK)
- Dr Nicholas D Embleton – Royal Victoria Infirmary – Newcastle upon Tyne (UK)
- Marie Anne Essam – General Practitioner, Watford, Hertfordshire & Medical Director, South East Essex PCT Provider Services – (UK)
- Barbara Farina – radiology technician, Hospital Mauriziano – Turin (Italy)
- Prof Gene Feder – Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Bristol University – Bristol (UK)
- Dr Ranald Ferguson – Kinloss (UK)
- Lavinia Ferrante di Ruffano – Dept. of Public Health & Epidemiology, University of Birmingham – Birmingham (UK)
- Dr Neil Finer – The Hillingdon Hospital – London (UK)
- Giorgio Forti – professor emeritus of Biology, State University – Milan (Italy)
- Prof Emeritus A Mervyn Fox – Children’s Hospital of Western Ontario – London, Ontario, (Canada)
- Jonathan Fox – UK ambulance service – (UK)
- Dr. Elisabeth Frank – Paediatrician – Vienna (Austria)
- Dr Sarah Garfinkel – Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor (USA)
- Miriam Garfinkle M.D. (Canada)
- Jean-Pierre Geeraert – general practitioner – Hospital Avicenne – Bobigny (France)
- Elisabetta Gentile – psychologist, service of Child Neuropsychiatry, Local Health Firm 1 – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Maged Gharib – Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital – Manchester (UK)
- Giuseppe Giovine – physician, Fisiatry Department, Private Hospital S. Camillo – Turin (Italy)
- Prof Judith Glynn – London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine – London (UK)
- Dr Debbie Goldman – Hollow Way Medical Centre – Oxford (UK)
- Miss Elizabeth Gordon FRCS – Hammersmith and St Mary’s Hospitals – London (UK)
- Dr. H.J. Gorter – Scheveningen (The Netherlands)
- Lesley Grahame – Norfolk Primary Care Trust – Norwich (UK)
- Vito Grieco – physician, Local Health Firm, Florence, Italy
- Marie-Françoise Guillet-Breton – retired nurse – le Havre (France)
- Dr Peter Hall – Hospice Physician, Pasque Hospice – Luton (UK)
- David Halpin FRCS – The Dove and the Dolphin Charity – Newton Abbot (UK)
- Kathleen Hamilton – Addenbrookes Hospital – Cambridge (UK)
- Prof Keith Hammond – Medical Ethics, University of Glasgow – Glasgow (UK)
- Dr. Hassan Nayeb Hashem – General Practitioner – Vienna (Austria)
- Dr. Sameh Hassan – Consultant Psychiatrist, Coventry & Warwickshire Partnership Trust – Rugby (UK)
- Julie Heanan – Eaglescliffe Medical Practice – Stockton-on-Tees (UK)
- Clare Hedges – CAMHS – Bury St Edmunds (UK)
- Dr U Hinz – Wilhelmshaven (Germany)
- Dr. Eva-Maria Hobiger – Projektleiterin “Aladins Wunderlampe” – Vienna (Austria)
- Dr. Doris Höflmayer – Allgemeines Krankenhaus – Vienna (Austria)
- Tim Holt – Ebenezer Centre – Halifax (UK)
- Noemi Holtz – Psychotherapeutin SPV – Zürich (Switzerland)
- Dr William Hopkins – Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture – London (UK)
- Dr Jonathan House – Columbia University – New York (USA)
- Hans Husum MD PhD – Tromsoe Mine Victim Resource Center, University Hospital – Tromso (Norway)
- S. Ifeacho – St Mary’s Hospital – London (UK)
- Najaty Jabary – Nephrologist of the Hospital Clínico – Universitary Professor in the Faculty of Medicine – Valladolid (Spain)
- Dr. Ghada Karmi, MB Ph.D MRCP Exeter, England (UK)
- Ellie Kavner – Tavistock & Portman NHS Trust – London (UK)
- Dr Saleem A Khan – Royal Berkshire Hospital – Reading (UK)
- Marcel Francis Kahn, rheumatologist – Hospital Bichat – Paris (France)
- Gary D. Keenan – Vancouver, B.C., (Canada)
- Dr Ian B. Kerr MD – Consultant Psychiatrist & Psychotherapist, Coathill Hospital – Lanarkshire (Scotland)
- Dr. Michael Kösten – Vienna (Austria)
- Simonetta Jucker – physician, Hospital S. Carlo Borromeo – Milan (Italy)
- Dr. Jaleh Lackner-Gohari – Former Medical Co-ordinator, Organisations of the United Nations – Vienna International Centre (Austria)
- Ruth Leboff – Oldham Community Mental Health Team – Oldham (UK)
- Dominique Le Nen – orthopaedic surgeon, Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery Department, University Hospital – Brest (France)
- Rosanna Leotta – Teaching Hospital Policlinico Umberto I – Rome (Italy)
- Judith Levene – King’s Lynn (UK)
- Prof Emeritus Raymond Levy – Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College – London (UK)
- Antonella Litta – General Practitioner – Nepi Viterbo (Italy)
- Gianluca Macchia – radiologist, Radiology Department, Hospital S. Giovanni Bosco – Turin (Italy)
- Mairead E MacConaill – retired General Medical Practitioner – (Ireland)
- Paolo Maccioni – dentist – Cagliari (Italy)
- Dr Runa Mackay – Edinburgh (UK)
- Antonio Macor – physician, Prevention of Infective Risk, Local Health Firm 2 – Turin (Italy)
- Souad Mahamid – physician, Private Hospital S. Feliciano – Rome (Italy)
- Dr R A Malik – Division of Cardiovascular and Endocrine Sciences, University of Manchester – Manchester (UK)
- Dr Omar Mangoush – Hammersmith Hospital – London (UK)
- Dr Khalid Mansour – Craegmoor Healthcare – Cardiff (UK)
- Miryam Marino – nurse – Bassano in Tiberina Viterbo (Italy)
- Giancarlo Marinone – biologist, Hospital Martini – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Tom Marshall – University of Birmingham – Birmingham (UK)
- Domenico Martelli – physician, Emergency Department Hospital Maria Vittoria – Turin (Italy)
- Deirdre Martin – Birmingham (UK)
- Clotilde Masera – physician, Hospital of Pinerolo – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Ian McCabe – Addiction Response – Crumlin (UK)
- Dr Soraya Medjebeur – neurologist, independent physician in town – Champigny sur Marne (France)
- Professor Ulrich Messerschmid – Munich (Germany)
- Dr. Barbara Messerschmid – Munich, (Germany)
- Dr Jo Meyer – Tunbridge Wells Hospitals – Tunbridge Wells (UK)
- Melissa Midgen – Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust – Charlbury (UK)
- Kathryn Miles – Dept. of Public Health & Epidemiology, University of Birmingham – Birmingham (UK)
- Dr. Robert Milla – Vienna (Austria)
- Dr Rachel Miller – London (UK)
- Mariano Mingarelli – retired pharmacist – Florence (Italy)
- Dr Daniel Moldavsky – Nottinghamshire Healthcare Trust – Gedling (UK)
- Zoonia Nazir – St Michael’s Hospital – Warwick (UK)
- Noemi Negrini – nurse, Day Hospital, Hospital S. Giovanni Bosco – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Julia Nelki – AlderHey Hospital – Liverpool (UK)
- Diana Neslen – Ilford (UK)
- Dr David J Nicholl FRCP – City Hospital – Birmingham (UK)
- Penny North-Lewis – Paediatric Liver Pharmacist, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust – (UK)
- Amanda O’Donovan – St Bartholomew’s Hospital – London (UK)
- Dr. Tania Oldenhage – Director of Theological Studies – Boldern (Switzerland)
- Carlo Olivieri – physician, Hospital S. Andrea – Rome (Italy)
- Prof Susie Orbach – LSE and The Women’s Therapy Centre Institute, New York, USA – London (UK)
- Dr Chloe Orkin – St Bartholomew’s Hospital – London (UK)
- Carla Ortona – psychologist, Local Health Firm – Vercelli (Italy)
- Rachel Osterwalder – Psychologist – (Switzerland)
- Luigi Pancione – physician, Radiology Department, Hospital Maria Vittoria – Turin (Italy)
- Cristiano Panerio – nurse, Emergency Department, Local Health Firm 2 – Turin (Italy)
- François Petitjean – physician, public health inspector and responsible for training in the High Studies in public health school – Rennes (France)
- Professor Dr. Gustav Paumgartner – Department of Medicine – Klinikum Grosshadern – University of Munich, (Germany)
- Claudia Maria Piga – nurse, National Institute to Insure Against Work Accidents – Volterra, Pisa (Italy)
- Mrs Sheila J Phillips – registered nurse – Health Centre Enniskillen, Northern Ireland (UK)
- Dr John A. Phillips – retired paediatrician, formerly consultant paediatrician in the Erne Hospital, Enniskillen, Northern Ireland (UK)
- Will Podmore – British School of Osteopathy – (UK)
- Dr Claudia Prestel – Leicester (UK)
- Patricia Preston – Taree Community Health Centre – Taree, NSW (Australia)
- Roberto Quadri – physician, Service for Pancreas Transplantation, Hospital Molinette – Turin (Italy)
- Giacomo Quattrocchio – nephrologist, Department of Nephrology, Hospital S. Giovanni Bosco – Turin (Italy)
- Sajj Raja – Heart of Birmingham Primary Care Trust – Birmingham (UK)
- Angela Ramello – physician, Service of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Mauriziano – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Sally Reynolds – GP, Oxfordshire PCT – Oxford (UK)
- Dr Parbot Ricard – retired paediatrician, former paediatrician in the children and mothers medical service (protection maternelle et infantile), Valence, member of AFPS (France-Palestine Solidarity) – Ardèche Drôme (France)
- Dr Sam Richmond – Sunderland Royal Hospital – Sunderland (UK)
- Giancarlo Rimella – physician, Day Hospital, Hospital S. Giovanni Bosco – Turin (Italy)
- Marina Ritiri – Hospital of Venaria Reale – Turin (Italy)
- Dr Brian Robinson – Retired National Health Service psychiatrist – Milton Keynes (UK)
- Dr Paul Robinson FRCP – Royal Free and University College London Medical School – London (UK)
- Dr Andrew Rouse – Heart of Birmingham (NHS) Primary Care Trust – Birmingham (UK)
- Lidia Rovera – Diet and Nutrition Department, Hospital Mauriziano – Turin (Italy)
- Duncan Russell – Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Bury St. Edmunds NHS – Bury St. Edmunds (UK)
- Dr Athar A Saeed – (UK)
- Yousef Salman – paediatrician, Centocelle – Rome (Italy)
- Luca Salvi – physician, Hospital S. Cuore – Negrar (Verona) (Italy)
- Federica Sampaolesi – chemist – Perugia (Italy)
- Claudio Santi – researcher in Pharmacology, University of Perugia – (Italy)
- Dr. Daniel Schmid Holz – Doctor of Social/Ethical Studies – Boldern (Switzerland)
- Dr Susan Schonfield – Hillingdon Primary Care Trust – London (UK)
- Giorgio Segrè – professor emeritus of Biomedical Physics, State University of Milan – (Italy)
- Dr Numan Shah – Manchester (UK)
- Robert Shearer FRCS – Previous Medical Director, Royal Marsden Hospital – London (UK)
- Abid Shoaib – Newham General Hospital – London (UK)
- Judith Shotten – retired Psychotherapist – (Israel/Canada)
- Dr Andy Sluckin – Norfolk and Waveney Mental Health Partnership – Norwich (UK)
- Dr Hamzah Soleiman – University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire – Coventry (UK)
- Professor Hana Soliman – Consultant Psychiatrist – (UK)
- Jesse Soodalter – Brown Medical School – Providence, Rhode Island (USA)
- Miriam Victory Spiegel – M.S.W., Sozialarbeiterin (social worker) – Zurich (Switzerland)
- Dr Elizabeth M Spiers – Dundee (UK)
- Dr Robin Stott FRCP – Kings College School of Medicine – London (UK)
- Dr Derek Summerfield – Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College – London (UK)
- Marijo Taboada – psychiatrist, director of the health network DAPSA – Ile-de-France (France)
- Ornella Terracini – retired physicist – Turin (Italy)
- Maria Grazia Terzi – physician, Teaching Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turin – (Italy)
- Professor Philip Thomas – Institute for Philosophy, Diversity and Mental Health, University of Central Lancashire – (UK)
- Lisa Thorne – Child & Adolescent Mental Health Service – Torquay (UK)
- Vincent Tijssen – dentist – Tuk (The Netherlands)
- Dr. Olivier Timmel – AT-läkare (Turnusarzt), Norrbottens Läns Landsting (Sweden)
- Sami Timimi – Consultant child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Trust – (UK)
- David Toorawa – retired General Medical Practitioner – Hertfordshire (UK)
- Dr Keith Tonge – (UK)
- Baroness Jenny Tonge – (UK)
- Vito Totire – physician, Department of Public Health – Bologna (Italy)
- Dr Trevor Trueman – Worcestershire PCT – Malvern (UK)
- Dr G Varughese – Parkside Medical Centre – London (UK)
- Dr Abbas Virji – St Giles Surgery, Southwark PCT – London (UK)
- Raffael Ullmann – Ergotherapist – (Switzerland)
- Eleanor Wakeling – MRPharmS, Specialist Clinical Pharmacist in Orthopaedics & Preadmissions, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust – (UK)
- Dr Diana Warner – Hartcliffe Health Centre – Bristol (UK)
- Samuel Wiener. Dr Med, – Psychiatrist – (Switzerland)
- Jenny Weinstein – Faculty of Health and Social Care, South Bank University – London (UK)
- Dr. Marlene Weinzierl – Department of Medicine – University of Munich (Germany)
- Adrian Worrall – Head of a health quality centre – London (UK)
- Dr. med. Gerti Wyskocil – Mödling (Austria)
- Roberta Vair – physician, Neonatology Department, Hospital of Susa – Turin (Italy)
- Jean-Luc Vignoulle – general practitioner – (France)
- Dr Gill Yudkin – General Practitioner (retired) – London (UK)
- Emeritus Prof John S. Yudkin FRCP – University College London – London (UK)